Digital, Internet & Technology
Transfer times, storage units, number bases, IPv4/IPv6 subnetting and media file sizes — all computed locally in your browser.
- Download Time CalculatorEstimate how long a file takes to download at a given connection speed, allowing for protocol overhead.
- Upload Time CalculatorEstimate how many days a large upload or cloud backup takes when it runs for limited hours each day at a share of your bandwidth.
- Bandwidth CalculatorEstimate a website’s monthly data transfer and average and peak bandwidth from visitors, pages per visit and page weight.
- Data Usage CalculatorEstimate daily and monthly data usage from hours spent streaming, calling, listening and browsing, with editable GB-per-hour rates.
- Monthly Internet Usage EstimatorProject end-of-cycle data usage from what you have used so far and get a daily budget to stay within your allowance.
- Storage Capacity CalculatorWork out how many photos, videos or files fit on a drive or phone, after system space and what is already used.
- Binary and Decimal Storage ConverterExplain the “missing” storage on new drives by converting advertised decimal capacity (TB) to binary units (TiB) and back.
- Binary to Decimal ConverterConvert binary numbers to decimal, including fractional binary and the signed two’s-complement interpretation.
- Decimal to Binary ConverterConvert decimal numbers to binary with a chosen bit width, two’s complement for negatives and fractional parts.
- Hexadecimal ConverterConvert hexadecimal to decimal and binary, split into bytes, read hex colours as RGB, or convert decimal to hex.
- Binary Arithmetic CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, divide, AND, OR, XOR and bit-shift binary numbers, with results in binary and decimal.
- IPv4 Subnet CalculatorCalculate an IPv4 subnet’s network and broadcast addresses, usable host range, host count, masks and address type from an IP and prefix.
- CIDR CalculatorConvert an arbitrary IPv4 address range into the minimal list of CIDR blocks that covers it exactly.
- Subnet Mask ConverterConvert between dotted subnet masks, CIDR prefix lengths, wildcard masks, hex and binary, and validate contiguous masks.
- Number of Usable IP Addresses CalculatorFind how many usable hosts an IPv4 prefix allows, or the smallest prefix that fits a number of hosts.
- Network Address CalculatorFind the network address of an IPv4 address and mask, with the bitwise AND shown step by step.
- Broadcast Address CalculatorFind the directed broadcast address and last usable host of an IPv4 subnet, with the bitwise OR shown.
- IPv6 Compression and Expansion ToolCompress an IPv6 address to RFC 5952 canonical form, expand it fully, find its network prefix and address type.
- Latency and Transfer Time EstimatorEstimate transfer time when latency and TCP window size limit throughput, with the bandwidth-delay product.
- Video File Size EstimatorEstimate a video’s file size from video and audio bitrates and duration, in GB, MB and GiB.
- Audio File Size EstimatorCalculate audio file size for uncompressed PCM (WAV/AIFF) from sample rate, bit depth and channels, or for compressed audio from bitrate.
- Image File Size EstimatorEstimate uncompressed and compressed image file sizes from pixel dimensions, colour depth and a compression ratio.
- Aspect Ratio CalculatorSimplify an aspect ratio such as 1920 × 1080 to 16:9 and resize while keeping proportions.
- Image Dimensions CalculatorConvert image pixels to print size at a given DPI, or find the pixels needed for a print size.
- Screen PPI CalculatorCalculate a screen’s pixel density (PPI), dot pitch and physical dimensions from its resolution and diagonal size.